The CBSE 12th Physics Exam 2024 is just around the corner, so it’s a good idea to brush up on those key formulas to nail the exam. Check out this handy compilation of important formulas from different chapters – don’t miss it!
Check out the list of important formulae from the Class 12th Physics Syllabus
Newton’s Laws of Motion:
F = ma (Force = mass x acceleration)
F = -dp/dt (Force is equal to the negative rate of change of momentum)
ΣF = 0 (Net force on an object at rest is zero)
Work and Energy:
W = Fs (Work done is equal to force x displacement)
KE = 1/2 mv^2 (Kinetic energy is equal to 1/2 mass x velocity^2)
PE = mgh (Potential energy is equal to mass x gravitational acceleration x height)
Circular Motion:
v = ωr (Tangential velocity is equal to angular velocity x radius)
a = rω^2 (Centripetal acceleration is equal to radius x angular velocity^2)
Gravitation:
G = Mm/r^2 (Universal gravitational constant formula)
g = GM/R^2 (Acceleration due to gravity on Earth’s surface)
KE = -GmM/r (Escape velocity formula)
Coulomb’s Law:
F = kq₁q₂/r² (Force between two point charges)
k = 1/4πε₀ (Coulomb’s constant)
Electric Field:
E = F/q (Electric field is force per unit charge)
E= – dV/dr (Electric field is negative gradient of potential)
Potential Difference:
V = W/q (Potential difference is work done per unit charge)
V = Ed (Potential difference between two points is electric field x distance)
Capacitance:
C = Q/V (Capacitance is the ratio of charge stored to potential difference)
C = ε₀A/d (Capacitance of parallel plate capacitor)
Ohm’s Law:
V = IR (Voltage is equal to current x resistance)
R = ρl/A (Resistance of a conductor)
Kirchhoff’s Laws:
ΣI in = ΣI out (Current entering a junction is equal to current leaving)
ΣV = 0 (Sum of voltages around a closed loop is zero)
Power:
P = VI (Power is equal to voltage x current)
P = I²R (Power dissipated in a resistor)
Magnetic Field due to a Current Element:
dB = μ₀/4π (I dl x r)/r³ (Magnetic field due to a current element)
Force on a Moving Charge:
F = qvB (Force on a moving charge in a magnetic field)
Electromagnetic Induction:
e = -NdΦ/dt (Induced emf is equal to negative rate of change of magnetic flux)
Mirror Formula:
1/f = 1/p + 1/q (Mirror formula where f is focal length, p is object distance, and q is image distance)
Lens Formula:
1/f = (1/p) + (1/q) (Lens formula)
Young’s Double Slit Experiment:
λ = dΔx/L (Formula for calculating the wavelength of light in Young’s double slit experiment)
Photoelectric Effect:
KE = hν – φ (Kinetic energy of photoelectron is equal to photon energy minus work function)
Bohr Model:
E = -13.6 eV (Z²/n²) (Bohr’s model formula for energy levels of hydrogen atom)
Einstein’s Mass-Energy Equivalence:
E = mc² (Energy is equal to mass x speed of light squared).
Check out the list of important formulae from the Class 12th Physics Syllabus
Newton’s Laws of Motion:
F = ma (Force = mass x acceleration)
F = -dp/dt (Force is equal to the negative rate of change of momentum)
ΣF = 0 (Net force on an object at rest is zero)
Work and Energy:
W = Fs (Work done is equal to force x displacement)
KE = 1/2 mv^2 (Kinetic energy is equal to 1/2 mass x velocity^2)
PE = mgh (Potential energy is equal to mass x gravitational acceleration x height)
Circular Motion:
v = ωr (Tangential velocity is equal to angular velocity x radius)
a = rω^2 (Centripetal acceleration is equal to radius x angular velocity^2)
Gravitation:
G = Mm/r^2 (Universal gravitational constant formula)
g = GM/R^2 (Acceleration due to gravity on Earth’s surface)
KE = -GmM/r (Escape velocity formula)
Coulomb’s Law:
F = kq₁q₂/r² (Force between two point charges)
k = 1/4πε₀ (Coulomb’s constant)
Electric Field:
E = F/q (Electric field is force per unit charge)
E= – dV/dr (Electric field is negative gradient of potential)
Potential Difference:
V = W/q (Potential difference is work done per unit charge)
V = Ed (Potential difference between two points is electric field x distance)
Capacitance:
C = Q/V (Capacitance is the ratio of charge stored to potential difference)
C = ε₀A/d (Capacitance of parallel plate capacitor)
Ohm’s Law:
V = IR (Voltage is equal to current x resistance)
R = ρl/A (Resistance of a conductor)
Kirchhoff’s Laws:
ΣI in = ΣI out (Current entering a junction is equal to current leaving)
ΣV = 0 (Sum of voltages around a closed loop is zero)
Power:
P = VI (Power is equal to voltage x current)
P = I²R (Power dissipated in a resistor)
Magnetic Field due to a Current Element:
dB = μ₀/4π (I dl x r)/r³ (Magnetic field due to a current element)
Force on a Moving Charge:
F = qvB (Force on a moving charge in a magnetic field)
Electromagnetic Induction:
e = -NdΦ/dt (Induced emf is equal to negative rate of change of magnetic flux)
Mirror Formula:
1/f = 1/p + 1/q (Mirror formula where f is focal length, p is object distance, and q is image distance)
Lens Formula:
1/f = (1/p) + (1/q) (Lens formula)
Young’s Double Slit Experiment:
λ = dΔx/L (Formula for calculating the wavelength of light in Young’s double slit experiment)
Photoelectric Effect:
KE = hν – φ (Kinetic energy of photoelectron is equal to photon energy minus work function)
Bohr Model:
E = -13.6 eV (Z²/n²) (Bohr’s model formula for energy levels of hydrogen atom)
Einstein’s Mass-Energy Equivalence:
E = mc² (Energy is equal to mass x speed of light squared).