BENGALURU: A newly identified gene can hold the key to prevent a type of fungal infection — Candidiasis — that often affects intensive-care unit (ICU) patients, cancer patients and patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.
Scientists from Bengaluru’s Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) and the Institut Pasteur, Paris, France have identified the gene, called “CSA6”, in Candida albicans (C. albicans), a fungal species infamous for causing high rates of morbidity and mortality under certain immuno-compromised conditions such as AIDS or during cancer treatment.
According to the department of science and technology (DST) — JNCASR is an autonomous institute under DST — the fungal species residing in mucosal linings (moist, inner lining of some organs and body cavities) of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tract of healthy individuals turns into a pathogen under immuno-compromised conditions breaching the host defence causing superficial as well as life-threatening systemic infection.
In a recent collaborative study between Professor Kaustuv Sanyal’s group at JNCASR and Christophe d’Enfert’s group at Institut Pasteur, authors carried out a large-scale screen to identify regulators of chromosome stability in C. albicans, a clinically relevant fungal model system.
“The authors from JNCASR individually screened the effect of overexpression of more than a 1,000 genes of C. albicans on genome stability and were successful in identifying a set of six chromosome stability (CSA) genes that are important for maintaining genome integrity,” the DST said.
While five of the CSA genes identified are known to be important for cell division in other species, the sixth CSA gene — CSA6 — encoded for a protein that is essential for viability in C. albicans.
“They found that CSA6 was a critical regulator of cell cycle progression wherein both overexpression and deletion of CSA6 lead to reduced growth of C. albicans cells. The study published in the journal Nature Communications represents the first-ever report of such an extensive screen in the human fungal pathogen C. albicans,” DST said.
It added that the study identifies and elucidates the functions of a novel regulator of chromosome stability that is exclusively present in a group of medically relevant human fungal pathogens.
“Besides, it also provides a systematic scheme for identifying genes whose products may serve as potential therapeutic interventions for fungal infections by posing lesser adverse effects on humans. Hence, small molecule modulators that alter expression levels of the gene called Csa6 offer potential avenues for treatment with no side effects in humans,” the DST said.
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